Road freight transport continues to be an urgent environmental challenge.
Despite advances in technology and ecological awareness, the transition to alternative propulsion, such as electric vehicles, is proving to be slower than expected.
In this context, HVO emerges as a potential transitional solution for reducing harmful emissions. However, is it really the answer we need to alleviate the environmental burden of freight transport in the short term?
What is HVO?
HVO, also known as Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil, offers a significant CO2 reduction, estimated between 70 and 90 per cent compared to conventional diesel.
This biofuel is produced from vegetable oils and fats, such as slaughterhouse waste, algae, or used cooking fat, which are then purified using hydrogen to become paraffinic fuels.
The most notable thing is that it's compatible with existing diesel engines, which greatly simplifies its adoption without the need for costly and complicated infrastructure.
How is HVO being implemented in freight transport?
The recent approval for the sale of HVO at German petrol stations reflects a drive towards cleaner and more sustainable fuels.
This decision is based on its compatibility with current diesel engines, which avoids the need to transform truck fleets, a key concern for transport companies.
By recognising its ability to reduce emissions, Germany is taking a significant step towards a more sustainable future in freight transport. However, in countries like Spain, the regulatory framework does not yet explicitly recognise HVO, which limits its adoption and leaves hauliers without clear incentives to make the switch.
The 4 pros of HVO in the supply chain
The use of HVO in freight transport offers a series of significant advantages that can positively impact environmental sustainability and operational efficiency.
- Significant CO2 reduction: effectively contributes to climate change mitigation and air quality improvement.
- Compatibility with existing diesel engines: facilitating adoption by transport companies without the need to invest in new fleets.
- Production from waste: reduces reliance on fossil fuels and encourages the use of renewable and sustainable resources.
- Application versatility: including long-distance vehicles, delivery trucks and heavy machinery, this fuel is suitable for various needs and sectors.
The 4 challenges facing HVO
However, despite its potential benefits, the use of HVO in freight transport also faces a number of challenges and limitations.
- Regulatory and fiscal challenges: in some countries, such as Spain, HVO faces regulatory and fiscal obstacles, which hinder its widespread adoption and limit its competitiveness against conventional diesel.
- Limited availability and access: although its use is increasing, the availability of HVO at petrol stations and service stations may be limited in some regions.
- Initial cost: despite its potential for long-term operational cost reductions due to diesel engines’ greater efficiency and lower maintenance, HVO may have a higher initial cost.
- Supply infrastructure needed: Although compatible with existing diesel engines, widespread adoption of HVO would require adequate supply infrastructure, including storage, transport and distribution.
Is it the best sustainable alternative for the sector?
The incentive policy in Spain currently focuses on electric mobility, sidelining options such as HVO.
However, technological neutrality suggests that all options should be considered and promoted equitably. HVO could be especially relevant for long-distance transport, where electromobility is not yet a viable solution due to range limitations and a lack of adequate charging infrastructure.
The future of HVO in the industry
Despite current challenges, HVO has the potential to contribute significantly to reducing emissions in freight transport in the short and medium term. Therefore, its adoption could be key while more advanced technologies are developed and regulatory and fiscal obstacles are overcome.
Without a doubt, this alternative represents a promising opportunity to boost sustainability in freight transport.
Although it faces regulatory and fiscal challenges, its ability to reduce emissions and its compatibility with existing diesel engines make it a viable and relevant option for transport companies looking to reduce their environmental impact.
Nevertheless, it is crucial that governments and companies work together to overcome obstacles and actively promote the use of HVO as part of a comprehensive strategy to A cleaner and more sustainable future in freight transport.
